Capitalism Vs. Socialism The Transitional Period Between...

Capitalism versus Socialism In the theories developed by Karl Marx, socialism is considered the transitional period between capitalism and communism. For a long time, capitalism versus socialism has been argued and debated. Socialism is an economic system in which goods and services are provided through a central system of government and aims to make everyone equal. They have different forms of socialism that have different beliefs. Some of the biggest disadvantages of socialism are that it relies on the cooperative effort of the people to work. Another downside would be that the people would be as innovative in a socialist society. But in this society, no one lives in poverty and the people work at what they are best at and what they†¦show more content†¦Socialists reward those who treat money poorly and penalize those who treat money well. Another disadvantage is that because everyone earns the same amount, not many people would be as innovative as a capitalistic society. Socialism is unassumingly li mited, so that if workers are done with this type of economic system, the people could try and overthrow the government. Another issue is inflation, socialism by itself cannot. Usually, the socialists in power view money as morally bad and don’t consider that money is a limited resource. As a consequence, a lot of socialists that gain power rapidly increase public debts and print money to finance their actions. â€Å"Without fundamental reform to restore a stable currency and private incentives, the people of Venezuela will continue to suffer. Venezuela is at the mercy of world oil prices, despite sitting on top of the world’s largest proven oil reserves. Chà ¡vez implemented policies to expand access to housing, education, medical care, and food and paid for them with revenue from oil exports. This complete dependence on oil left Venezuela vulnerable to changes in its price. In 2014, oil prices began a steep decline, falling from over $100 a barrel in the summer of 2014 to a low of around $33 dollars a barrel in early 2016. Printing money closed the budget shortfall. Hyperinflation took hold, destroying the savings ofShow MoreRelatedSocialism And The Current System Of Capitalism1500 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism in America With it being an election year there have been many questions being raised about politics and the policies that go with each candidate, especially about socialism and what it all entails. While there are many people that would like to have a Socialistic Government, these are the people that do not fully understand what it means. In this paper I will show you why socialism will be the death to America and why we need to keep our current system of capitalism. There is a quoteRead MoreMarxism and Communism Christian Communism4953 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and servicesRead MoreTrade Union Movement in India9224 Words   |  37 Pagesdefinition still holds good so far as actual practices of unions are concerned. Under the Trade Union Act, 1926, this term is defined as any combination whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers, or imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions. In other words, the term union applies not only to combination and associations of employeesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesopening decades of the twentieth century and a major break from the prevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizing the twentieth century as a discrete era of world history due to overlap with the preceding period and disconcertingly radical shifts in the course of global development in the 1900s, contradictory forces and trends, which perhaps more than any other attribute distinguish this turbulent phase of the human experience, render it impervious to

Phillis Wheatley Poem On Religion - 1527 Words

Reading the works of Phillis Wheatley are more so confused on the high praise that she bestows upon the Europeans that we know have taken her from her homeland due to the enslavement of the African people. Her passion to write about the importance of the Christian religion is reflected in her work including her poem â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America.† In this poem, she explains her appreciation for the white race. Being of the enslaved people during this time, is puzzling to read such things but intrigues one to comprehensively understand why she feels this way. She touches on different themes such as race, religion, and self-identity. Wheatley makes a bold statement to express how being introduced to Christianity has modified her†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Taught my benighted soul to understand (2).† Although what she fully understands isn’t stated into detail in the poem. Whats important is that she feels like mercy in her life is, in a g ood way, is responsible for taking her from home and enlightening her soul. Mercy is now used as a symbol for the Europeans as if they represented compassion, forgiveness and all things good. Benighted means to be overcome with darkness, or to be morally and intellectually in the dark. She uses a metaphor to compare her life before being introduced to Christianity to being dark as the night. If her soul is dark, then we know shes saying that, before mercy, her soul was in cold, unsaved, pagan, or unaware. It could be saying that her life was dull and incomplete in a sense; she had nothing to live for until now. There is an emphasis on her soul to where she explains her soul was taught to understand because she was oblivious to the things that the whites knew before she was taken. She goes further to state what mercy taught her: that God exists, God saves, and he is all in all. â€Å"That there’s a God, that there’s a Saviour too (3).† Wheatley’s tone is sincere, and shes explains the contrast between Pagan and Saviour. Through mercy, she was taken from the Pagan land and taught that theres a God who can save her from sin, and can redeem her benighted soul. Instead of repeating GodShow MoreRelatedThe Colonization Of The Americas Became A Time Of Growth Of Independence And Religious Freedoms1524 Words   |  7 Pagesindependence and religious freedoms. People began separating from the original religious sects and began searching for other ways of worship. These included revivals, outdoor sermons, and more inclusive baptisms. This allowed more people to experience religion, allowing people to decide for themselves which way of worship was right for them. Along with growing religious independence, the nation itself began to establish itself as a unified entity. The colonies began thinking of independence, away fromRead MoreThe Beginning Of The 19th Century1520 Words   |  7 Pagescentury in America became a time of growth of independence and religious freedoms. People began searching for developing other ways of worship, including revivals, outdoor sermons, and more inclusive baptisms. This enabled more people to experience religion, allowing people to decide for themselves which way of worship was right for them. Along with growing religious independence, the nation itself began to establish itself as a unified entity. The colonies began thinking of independence, away fromRead MorePhillis Wheatley : A Pioneer Of American Poetry1310 Words   |  6 PagesPhillis Wheatley: A Pioneer of American Poetry Phillis Wheatley was an American figure unlike any other at her time. In a time where slavery was the normal, Ms. Wheatley was a revolutionary figure. She was not revolutionary because she was one of the enslaved but because she was one of the enslaved that knew how to read and write, becoming a published author. Women at the time of Phillis Wheatley were oppressed into submission to social norms. It was almost unheard of for a woman to write poetryRead MorePhillis Wheatley an Ex-African1082 Words   |  5 Pages9-11:45am 25 March 2011 Phillis Wheatley an Ex-African Phillis Wheatley born in Gambia, Africa in 1753 was the first early African American slave poet. â€Å"A kidnapped African slave child, aged about seven years old† (Lauter 1297), she was brought to Boston where she was sold to John and Susanna Wheatley. Phillis Wheatley’s first name was not given to her at birth she acquired her name by the ship that carried her to America in which it was name â€Å"The Phillis†. Susanna Wheatley chose the young AfricanRead MoreCharacteristics Of Phillis Wheatley859 Words   |  4 Pages Phillis Wheatley. African American, poet, slave, woman. These were all the characteristics that describe Phillis Wheatley. She was a big part of what is our country today. Also a big part of women’s rights. Phillis was born on May 8, 1753 in Gambia, Africa. At the age of 8, she was captured. She was then put on a crowded boat that would come to America. These boat rides to America were very traumatic, and Phillis was only 8 at the time. The year 1761 was the year she was sold in Boston, MassachusettsRead More The Influence of Religion in Phillis Wheatleys Life Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Religion in Phillis Wheatleys Life Phillis Wheatley overcame extreme obstacles, such as racism and sexism, to become one of the most acclaimed poets in the 18th Century. Her works are characterized by religious and moral backgrounds, which are due to the extensive education of religion she received. In this sense, her poems also fit into American Poetry. However, she differs in the way that she is a black woman whose writings tackle greater subjects while incorporating herRead MoreEssay on An Hymn to the Morning1030 Words   |  5 PagesEvan Holt Phillis Wheatley’s â€Å"An Hymn to the Morning† There are plenty works of poetry that have been published, but none that match the intellect and beautiful writing aura like those of Phillis Wheatley’s. Phillis Wheatley was America’s first black female poet who learned to read and write at an age where blacks were either unable to learn or restricted from these opportunities. Most of Phillis Wheatley’s poetry consists of religion, death and the hardships and burdens blacks endured throughoutRead MoreWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois1208 Words   |  5 Pagespieces of literature. As an example of this, author Phillis Wheatley demonstrates Du Bois’ term â€Å"double conscious†. Stating the obvious at this point, the white community had an established perception on the capabilities of African Americans; it was said that they were incapable of an education. Their abilities, according to the whites, were so low in their standards, that the only duty blacks seem to be a fit for was enslavement. Phillis Wheatley was the first African American to publish a book andRead MoreRed Jacket By Phillis Wheatley1062 Words   |  5 PagesRed Jackets’ â€Å"Reply to the Missionary Jacob Cram† and the poems written by Phillis Wheatley both have something in common. Belief in a God/god(s). Red Jacket provides that in his culture there is the belief in the Great Spirit which Jacob Cram wants to change to the almighty God and Phillis Wheatley shows how what she went through as a slave brought her to an un-denying devotion to God. Religion is something that has developed continually over the years, but one thing has remained the same†¦ everyRead MoreEssay o n Phillis Wheatley1643 Words   |  7 Pages Phillis Wheatley, one of America’s most profound writers, has contributed greatly to American literature, not only as a writer, but as an African American woman, who has influenced many African Americans by enriching their knowledge of and exposure to their Negro heritage and Negro literature. As one of America’s most renown writers, Wheatley, said to be the mother of African American Literature, is best known for her sympathetic portrayals of African American thought. Wheatley’s literary contributions

Resistance in Ethical Change Management-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. Discuss common reasons why change is resisted and how managers commonly view resistance. 2. Critically examine the key theoretical concepts of resistance considered in this subject and how they are linked to the two key theoretical ontologies used in this subject. 3. Critically examine the relationship between power and resistance, and the ethical issues that these raise in relation to the managerial and resistant positions. 4. Critically discuss the implications of power and resistance for the role of the change agent in ethically managing change, in both the dialogical and problem-centric approaches to change management. Answers: 1.Change in organization is considered as an activity of transformation or modification of something in the system of organization. This activity is mainly conducted for the purpose of improving the performance of the organization. The biggest challenge faced by organization while implementing the change in the organization is the resistance which emerges at the time when change is incorporated. The intensity in lieu of resistance depends on the type of change which is introduced and the way it is being introduced. Following are the reasons of resistance of change (Zafar Naveed, 2017; Davies, n.d.): Generally, managers of the organization resist the change because changes in the organization decrease the power of the mangers by transferring the power to their subordinates. Therefore, threat of power is considered as one of the main reasons of resistance to change. As result of the change in the organization system, some particular groups, sectors, departments of the organization become more powerful and because of this there are number of individuals who resist change. Other important reason of resistance to change is the economic factors. Change in the system of organization sometimes increase or decrease the salary and other economic allowances of the employees. It is very normal for the employees who lose their portion of salary because of the change will resist the change (Yilmaz Kilicoglu, 2013). Each place of work brings the particular image and reputation for the employees, and this image and reputation is important for all the employees. Change occurred in the system of the organization also changes the position of the individual which result in dissatisfaction among the employees. Therefore, image and reputation is considered as important reason of resistance of change. One more reason is threat of comfort, which means changes occurred in organization system results in personal discomfort and makes the life of employees more difficult. Personal discomfort of the employees is also considered as one of the main reasons of resistance of change by the employees of the organization (Serbam iorga, 2016). Mangers consider resistance of change seriously because it can affect the performance of organization, and take following actions to deal with the resistance: While preparing the change strategy, management considers the issue of resistance and also frames strategy to deal with this issue. Plan related to resistance management is considered as one of the five change management plans created by management in change management process, and this plan must be framed by management after determining all the factors in this field. 2.Idea related to change in organization system increasingly becomes the necessity for the organizations instead of alternative they can choose. Generally, change is associated with the crises, which means even most important organizations needs effective changes in their process and system. Capacity of the organization to shift the direction and to improve functioning in the organization can be considered as one of the essential competency of the contemporary business organizations. There are number of factors which enforce the change in the organization such as technological development, diminishing roles of government in the life of business, globalization, etc. some of these factors are considered as important factors which requires revision in the way in which business is conducted. Business environment is also dynamic in nature which influence the preferences of customers in case of all type of products and services. Therefore, shift in these demands require flexible environment in organization for the purpose of implementing new strategies to meet this demand. Change is considered as most important issue which is concerned by the organizations because of the fluctuations in the external environment. De Wit and Meyer (2004), identified two basic theories related to change. First theory stated that organizations must prepare themselves to adopt changes on continuous basis by making small alterations in the operations of the business for the purpose of improving their performances. These changes mainly focus on ensuring the improvements in the operations of organization by keeping the fundamental structure of the business same. Second theory states, those organizations which consider the continuous and small improvements inadequate can choose radical changes in the operations of the business. In other words, it includes the complete renewal of existing way of doing the business (Pieterse, Caniels human, 2012). Changes in organization and adoption of these changes is considered as important aspect for organizations to remain in competition (Balogun and Hope Hailey, 2008), but still very rare changes in the organization are considered as effective (Meaney and Pung, 2008). As per the recent research, only 1/3rd changes in the organizations are considered as successful changes by their leaders (Meaney and Pung, 2008). However, it is difficult to implement the successful change programs in organization. It must be noted that low rates of success in change management programs is also considered as important reason of resistance to change on the part of employees Theories related to organizational change and resistance state various important aspects of change management, and these theories are principal agent theory, goal theory and Stakeholders theory. Theory related to organizational change and resistance helps the individual in understanding the concept of change and resistance. Principle agent theory helps the organization in understanding the conflict between firms (owners) and its employees goals and interests. Stakeholder theory and principle agent theory is mainly used by the organization for the purpose of providing the measures and solutions for reducing and harmonizing goal conflict, to overcoming resistance to change (Khan Rehman, 2008). Principle-agent theory has provided a powerful framework for the public sector organizations. Strong influence of this theory was seen in New-Zealand in the late-1980s, instead of questions over its appropriateness. Agency theory is considered as controversial theory, because of its assumptions related to people. However, this theory is applied in number of fields such as finance, marketing, political science, organizational behavior and accounting. Agency theory includes various different branches, and these braches clearly state the difference between the ownership and control (goggle, n.d.). 3.In context of organizational change, power is used by top managers, CEO, change mangers, consultants, work councils, employees, and other interest groups. The main aim of these groups is to manage the influence of process of change by using the power and other tactics. In view of traditional management, actions were taken to deal with challenge given by other groups to the change in the organization in lieu of resistance of change, unless such actions are fall outside the legitimate activities of the change process (Burnes, 2009). Power, change process, and resistance to change are considered as related programs. It must be noted that in change process various actors influence each other. Later, when concept of power is introduced and it involves exercise of power over other person, from that time use of power becomes the biggest reason of resistance of change. However, not all the influence results in resistance of change and it is possible to use the power in effective management of change. In change process of organization, it is necessary that part of the power dynamics are observed on the part of the involved groups, and the attempts of the influence can be displayed directly and consciously by the agents. However, it is more difficult to observe the dynamics of power and in some cases such dynamics are even unconscious in nature. Management can exclude particular issues from decision making process during the process of change for ensuring full and equal participation. In the process of symbol construction or management of meaning, power in the organization is used for the purpose of creating legitimacy of outcomes, decisions, values, and demands. It is not possible to see the power dynamics, because these dynamics are invisible and unconscious when preferences and perceptions of the people are shaped in such manner as these perceptions and preferences are identified with the objectives of the change and also enable the individual in adopting new structure of the or ganization and systems even though their objectives are less realized than those of other groups. Individuals hold the positions of managers face different challenges, and the most difficult challenge is effective implementation of change. Various studies show successful patterns of change management in the organization. As per these studies, change is necessary, continuous, and inevitable does not have to be random and can be controlled. Traditionally, manger choose control-dominated model instead of participative model to handle the change management process. At that time, mangers are strict in nature and do not tolerate any nonsense and they pass order which must be followed because at that time authorities were valued. On the other side, workers were treated as if they were, uneducated, unskilled, and uncooperative. Currently, reality of workforce completely contradicts the assumptions of traditional management, and management is undermined because workers demand their participation in the decision making process of their organization. Additionally, attitude of new workers shows various changes in context of economic, legal, and social environment some other factors are also there which increase the expectations of the workers and change the way of management. These forces and reasons change the power of the mangers and make the employees more powerful. Therefore, change is considered as continues challenge for the management of the organization. There are number of mangers for which change is tortuous in nature and these results in frustration and bitterness towards the organization. This fact explains the reason of detriment effect on morale of managers because of change as they swept along with the events on which they do not exercise control. Some managers are there which resist the change on continuous basis because of the threat that they lose their power on some matters. Negative attitude of some managers towards the change occurred in the organization is derived from below stated factors (Boonstra, and Gravenhorst, 1998).: Managers frustrated in understanding, inspiring, and move along with the new type of workers in the organization. Their attitude towards the new changes occurred in technology in the workplace impact various other factors such as products, equipment, or work methods. 4.Ethics are considered as most important factor in the management of organizations. Values possessed by individuals, groups, and organizations have significant impact not only on the organizations but also on society as a whole. This can be understood through example, bankruptcy of Enron and Global Crossing, dissolution of Arthur Andersen, and senior executive indictment of Health South and Worldcom (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2008). All these collapses are result of failure of organization in taking ethical decisions in the organization. As stated by Lewin, human conditions can only be improved by resolving the social conflict, whether such conflicts are religious, racial, marital or industrial. He further stated, for the purpose of resolving the social conflicts it is necessary that organization ensure changes for facilitates learning and also enable the individuals of the organization to understand and restructure their views related to the world around them. In view of Lewin, change is not about achieving the particular objective, but it is about learning of individuals and groups about them, and by ensuring these things individuals prepare their own violations for the purpose of changing their behavior. Power and resistance also play important role in ethical change management, as stated there are number of reasons of resistance in ethical change management and some of these reasons are fear of the final result derived from the change, individual does not believe in the change, individual give priority to personal benefit instead of social benefit, concern that change reduce the power of the individual and also impact the position of individual, etc (Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn, 2007). It must be noted that, process of change is initially conducted by the executive management, and there is perception that change in the organization is based on off power relationships. This results in purposefully misconducted statements in context of change, and also wrong influence on the individuals. This can be understood through example, management can make the statement that change introduced in the organization is introduced for the purpose of increasing the engagement of employee, but the true fact behind the change management is the result based performance metrics that suffocate and scrutinize the activities of employee. Generally, change is voluntary in nature and it is necessary that management must get confirmation of employees before implementing the change. This also results in unethical concerns such as employees faced the issue of forced conformity or being terminated (Botyarov, 2016). However, change resistance is always there, and it is required that organizations promote the ethical change initiatives by developing the appropriate culture in the organization. Culture of organization is set of principles, values, beliefs which state the actions of the employees in the organization. Those mangers who want to promote changes of ethical nature must establish ethical culture in the organization. For example, mangers must themselves act ethically in the organization for the purpose of promoting ethical behavior as the norm throughout the organization (Antenollis, 2014). References: Antenellis, P. (2014). How Politics and Ethics Can Affect Change Management. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-167/issue-6/features/how-politics-and-ethics-can-affect-change-management.html. Balogun, J. and Hope Hailey, V. (2008), Exploring Strategic Change, Prentice Hall, London. Boonstra, J. and Gravenhorst, K. (1998). Power Dynamics and Organizational Change: A Comparison of Perspectives. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/76fe/8297c65963e8de76c3b1c7c57bc47ad96362.pdf. Botyarov, M. (2016). Ethics and Organizational Change Management. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ethics-organizational-change-management-michael-botyarov. Burnes, B. (2009) Reflections: Ethics and Organizational Change- Time for a Return to Lewinian Values, Journal of Change Management, volume 9(4), 359-381. Davies, R. Resistance and Organizational Change: Mapping sources of power. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://www.drrobertdavies.com/executivebriefings/resistance-and-organizational-change-mapping-sources-of-power/. De Wit, Bob and Meyer, Ron. (2004), Strategy : Process, Content, Context : an International Perspective, 3rd ed., International Thompson Publishing Business Press, London. Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. and Benn, S. (2007) Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability, 2nd edn (London: Routledge). Google. The Control System of the Firm. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwity7zIj47YAhXIsY8KHZW2AD4QFgguMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fcda%2Fcontent%2Fdocument%2Fcda_downloaddocument%2F9783790828818-c2.pdf%3FSGWID%3D0-0-45-1358118-p174548408usg=AOvVaw3nmDB9RGoAqIZSdpWrlkvE. Gopalakrishnan, S., Mangaliso, M.P. and Butterfield, D.A. (2008) Managing ethically in times of transformation challenges and opportunities, Group Organization Management, 33(6), pp. 756759. Khan, K. Rehman, M. (2008). Employees Resistance towards Organizational Change. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:828420/FULLTEXT01.pdf. Meaney, M. and Pung, C. (2008), McKinsey global results: creating organizational transformations, The McKinsey Quarterly, August, pp. 1-7. Pieterse, J. Canils, M. Homan, T. (2012). Professional discourses and resistance to change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 25 Iss: 6 pp. 798 818. Serbam, A. Iorga, C. (2016). Employee Resistance To Organizational Change Through Managerial Reengineering. Retrieved on 13th December 2017 from: https://conferinta.management.ase.ro/archives/2016/PDF/4_6.pdf. Yilmaz, D. Kilicoglu, G. (2013). Resistance to change and ways of reducing resistance in educational organizations. International Association of Social Science Research, volume 1(1), 14-21. Zafar, F. Naveed, K. (2017). Organizational Change and Dealing with Employees' Resistance. International Journal of Management Excellence, Volume 2(3).

The word and the profession Review Essay Example

The word and the profession Review Paper Essay on The word and the profession This book is more journalism than fiction. This collection of articles and monographs on literary matters. But on the other hand, this book is about the author. The lines of the profession of letters nanizanny twigs on the biography of Mr. Weller, Mr. Weller. As a result, in Words ragged style -. From the biographical notes to monographs on writing the story If you expand the book into chapters at once self-centered, How are you Im tired, consisting of the autobiographical book Knife Seryozha Dovlatov and explanations rows of autobiography. Many individual episodes of life, which are explained with enough humor and irony. Once there is a Feast of the spirit articles of various literary topics: the origin of the words of Bulgakovs manuscripts do not burn before thinking about nobelevskiyh premiums and classical literature, punctuated again memories of privacy. The text is given in a very abrupt manner categorically as the ultimate truth. The ink and whitewash Weller passed on some well-known authors. For example, Verne had graphomaniac, but valuable in the general fiction novel, and Kara-Murza great Varnisher Soviet reality. In box for the writer, the author analyzes the actions of the young writer and gives him advice. Talks about the debut of options memoirs style. In There were two comrades, aha! it is viscous and sticky walked the red editing. In Ukusitele and ukusomy got critics. Blym-bylm-blym is dedicated to the standards of language the accent, mats, newspeak, etc. Valley of the idols tells us about the actual idols our idols, signs such as Pushkin, Gold and Silver century literature, etc. But in the Technology of the story, we see a purely normative schedule of how to write a story (plan, selection of material, composition, etc.). To a large extent, of course, the book is intended (and even on the cover and it is written) aspiring writers. There is advice on how the overall direction and very specific instructions. We will write a custom essay sample on The word and the profession Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The word and the profession Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The word and the profession Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The style deliberately sloppy and simple-minded, however, as always with Weller. Broad strokes drawn literary era the Soviet and modern, allowing them to compare not only the author, but also the reader. The main drawback, and he is also the dignity a deep personal opinion. Not in my humble opinion, but simply in my opinion. Material is fed priori. With Weller may be passionately arguing and also strongly disagree. The main thing here hot. Energy charge and the allegations skrennost bribe. Caustically and ironically. Critically coupled with narcissism. And what is more unclear. Slashed across his eyes some repetition of text (about raincoats Musketeers, for example), which is caused by the union of several books in one. Overall, exciting and informative. Summing up a good book to expand the horizons in the field of literary criticism. I wanted to add it to the personal library.